Altilium ACT3 Black-Mass Refinery (Plymouth)
ACT3 EcoCathode black-mass refining line: output
Material · Ore & concentrate
Natural graphite concentrate
Flake graphite concentrate from mined ore — the natural-route feedstock that is purified and shaped into spherical graphite for battery anodes. The United States mines none and imports all of its natural graphite.
Elements
Facility flows
EcoGraf Battery Anode Material Facility, Western Australia
HF-free battery anode material purification (not constructed): input
Fortum Battery Recycling Harjavalta Hydrometallurgical Plant
Closed-loop hydrometallurgical black-mass recycling: output
Graphinex Townsville Graphite-to-Anode Demonstration Facility
Demonstration graphite purification: input
Graphite One Graphite Creek Project
Graphite Creek mine and concentrator (planned): output
International Graphite Collie Micronising Facility
Pilot micronising and qualification plant: input
International Graphite Collie Micronising Facility
Pilot micronising and qualification plant: output
International Graphite Collie Micronising Facility
Commercial-scale micronising facility (funded, not yet built): input
International Graphite Collie Micronising Facility
Commercial-scale micronising facility (funded, not yet built): output
Lomiko Metals La Loutre Graphite Project
Natural flake graphite project (pre-development): output
NGC Battery Materials BAM Plant (France, site not stated in source)
Graphite purification (planned): input
NMG Bécancour Battery Material Plant
Purification unit (planned): input
NMG Matawinie Graphite Mine
Open-pit mine and concentrator: output
NorGraph Active Anode Materials Plant (Eyde Material Park, Arendal)
Planned graphite Active Anode Materials plant: input
Northern Graphite Lac des Îles Mine
Open-pit mine and concentrator: output
Orano Battery Recycling Pilots (Bessines-sur-Gartempe)
EV battery pre-processing and hydrometallurgy pilots: output
Renascor Purified Spherical Graphite Facility, Bolivar
PSG demonstration plant (HF-free purification): input
Renascor Purified Spherical Graphite Facility, Bolivar
Commercial PSG facility purification (planned): input
Renascor Siviour Graphite Mine and Concentrator
Siviour open-pit mine and flotation concentrator (planned): output
Renascor Siviour Graphite Mine and Concentrator
Siviour open-pit mine and flotation concentrator (planned): output
Syrah Balama Graphite Operation
Open-pit mine and flotation concentrator: output
Syrah Vidalia Active Anode Material Facility
Purification circuit: input
Talga Luleå Anode Refinery and EVA Qualification Plant
EVA qualification pilot plant: input
Talga Luleå Anode Refinery and EVA Qualification Plant
Anode refinery purification (planned): input
Talga Nunasvaara South Graphite Mine (Vittangi)
Nunasvaara South mine and on-site concentrator: output
Kilbourne Graphite Purification Plant, Anniston Army Depot
Kilbourne purification circuit, secondary site (conditionally leased): input
Kilbourne Graphite Purification Plant, Pine Bluff Arsenal
Kilbourne purification circuit, primary site (conditionally leased): input
Tokai COBEX Savoie BAM4EVER Battery Anode Material Plant (Vénissieux)
BAM4EVER (Phase I&II) battery anode material line: input
Urbix Muscle Shoals CSPG Facility
First commercial CSPG module (announced): input
Westwater Kellyton Graphite Plant
Phase I CSPG plant (under construction): input
Westwater Kellyton Graphite Plant
R&D lab and CSPG qualification line: input
Sources
- U.S. Geological Survey · published Mar 1, 2025 · retrieved Aug 12, 2026 · archive unavailable: Wayback verification blocked by archive.org outage on 2026-08-12; local copy verified at import; recheck on a weekly pass