Chain

Gallium Crystals & Substrates

Crystal growth and wafer fabrication turn high-purity gallium into GaAs and GaN bulk crystals and polished substrates - the last gallium-defined products before the customer tiers of epitaxy and device fabrication.

Facts on this page last re-verified Aug 15, 2026 — the oldest verification date among its current claims. How we verify.

Stage diagram

The United States imported an estimated 110,000 kilograms (gross weight) of GaAs wafers in 2025 against 25,000 kilograms of gallium metal (USGS MCS 2026, Gallium chapter, p. 82): most US gallium arrives already embodied in substrates. Allied substrate capacity concentrates in Germany and Japan; plant location, not corporate listing, is what counts for coverage.

Materials at this stage: High-Purity Gallium, Gallium Arsenide Bulk Crystal, Gallium Arsenide Wafer, Gallium Nitride Bulk Crystal, Gallium Nitride Wafer

Facility-line flow trace

Facility / line	Location	Stage and derived state	Input → output
Indium Corporation Rome metals operation Gallium pure-metal line	Rome, New York United States	High purity refining Operating	Crude (Low-Purity) Gallium → High-Purity Gallium
Indium Corporation Utica metals operation Gallium pure-metal line	Utica, New York United States	High purity refining Operating	Crude (Low-Purity) Gallium → High-Purity Gallium
Kyma Technologies Raleigh gallium-nitride substrate operation Gallium-nitride crystal and wafer line	Raleigh, North Carolina United States	Crystal substrate Operating	High-Purity Gallium → Gallium Nitride Bulk Crystal, Gallium Nitride Wafer
Nouryon La Porte high-purity metalorganics plant Trimethylgallium production line	La Porte, Texas United States	Compound chemicals Operating	High-Purity Gallium → Trimethylgallium (TMG)
Freiberger Compound Materials Freiberg wafer plant GaAs crystal and wafer line	Freiberg, Saxony Germany	Crystal substrate Operating	High-Purity Gallium → Gallium Arsenide Bulk Crystal, Gallium Arsenide Wafer
Umicore Hanau metalorganic precursor plant Trimethylgallium precursor line	Hanau, Hesse Germany	Compound chemicals Operating	High-Purity Gallium → Trimethylgallium (TMG)
Sumiden Semiconductor Materials Itami substrate plant Gallium-arsenide crystal and wafer line	Itami, Hyogo Japan	Crystal substrate Operating	High-Purity Gallium → Gallium Arsenide Bulk Crystal, Gallium Arsenide Wafer

Sources

U.S. Geological Survey · published Feb 1, 2026 · retrieved Aug 15, 2026 · archive unavailable: Wayback capture queued at record creation 2026-08-15; archive verification deferred to a weekly pass