Altilium ACT3 Black-Mass Refinery (Plymouth)
ACT3 EcoCathode black-mass refining line: input
Graphite-dominant blends of natural and synthetic anode material (at least 50% graphite by mass) as shipped to cell makers. DOE notes the anode used in a cell typically includes a blend of natural and synthetic graphite, with potential addition of silicon; silicon-dominant composites are out of scope for this corpus, and Commerce's trade scope likewise covers only the anode-grade graphite material in any mixture.
ACT3 EcoCathode black-mass refining line: input
Closed-loop hydrometallurgical black-mass recycling: input
EV battery pre-processing and hydrometallurgy pilots: input